Monday, August 24, 2020

Bio-ethics and Genetic Engineering essays

Bio-morals and Genetic Engineering articles It is my conviction that hereditary building has guarantee to better humankind, and it is our moral commitment to inquire about it however not misuse it. There is a need to have an ethically right enactment that controls the manner in which science builds up this. The Random House Websters College Dictionary characterizes bioethics as a field of study and insight worried about the ramifications of certain clinical methods, hereditary building, and care of the critically ill. I will investigate and remarking on how bioethics identifies with hereditary designing. Hereditary building is a part of science managing the grafting and recombining of hereditary units from living beings, as indicated by Websters New World Dictionary. I will take a gander at bioethics from the perspective of individual security, cultural impacts, strict concerns, therapeutic advantages and enactment. The subject of hereditary building works up discusses, as it is a disputable zone with huge potential for both great and awful in our general public. Hereditarily arranged medications have just aided massively, in the treament different sicknesses. Biogenetically arranged immunizations and insulin have just demonstrated their advantage medication. Other hereditarily built medications are holding up Federal Drug Administration (FDA) endorsement. In any case, pundits guarantee that it will cause more damage than anything else. Numerous scholars accept that hereditary building, ought not be researched by any stretch of the imagination, they feel Mother Nature knows best and any messing with hereditary material is malevolent. The essential motivation behind why scholars contend that hereditary building is unscrupulous is on the grounds that it resists the sum total of what that has been depicted in the tale of creation in the book of scriptures and different strict writings. In any case, it is my conviction that hereditary designing has guarantee to better humanity, and it is our moral commitment to explore it yet not abuse it. There is a need to have an ethically right enactment that directs the manner in which science builds up this (Toward E01.) I... <!

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Eutahnasia Essay Example For Students

Eutahnasia Essay Willful extermination is an issue that has been bantered on numerous events. Both moral and political inquiries have been raised. It is the one issue that can contact anybody, even government officials. Willful extermination is an issue that is questionable from all sides and is such a profoundly felt issue across society. Parliament has an obligation to address willful extermination. At death's door patients ought to have the chance of having specialist helped self destruction or willful extermination as a lawful alternative. Willful extermination ought to be lawful so patients can bite the dust with nobility. It’s their entitlement to pick when they need to bite the dust, and thinking about such an at death's door relative turns into a weight to the remainder of the family. Numerous at death's door victims need to have the decision to pass on with nobility and pride. By doing so they feel a feeling of joy that their enduring is finished. Passing with nobility fundamentally i mplies biting the dust while as yet having some sense of pride. Willful extermination is better at that point seeing patients not eating or drinking, devouring a lot of painkillers and basically being permitted to sneak away. Patients additionally feel a feeling of worth and significance in the general public. Willful extermination can possibly impact each and everybody of utilization; consequently, we reserve the privilege to pick how and when we need to pass on. One needs to inquire as to whether they were in the condition where they couldn't wash, they couldn't go to the washroom, where they realized demise was around the bend and the main thing keeping them alive was drugs, what might they do? In the event that one can't offer agree to their demise, at that point whose body right? Who possesses their life? The choice is left up the Parliament who can't feel what the patient is experiencing, how they are enduring, and their agony.Victims of a savage infection have the important w ay to leave when they are prepared and ought not be confronted with any more significant position authority disclosing to them that it is illegal. Patients feel lose of power over their lives. Having a relative on their deathbed on occasion can turn into a weight on them. They could move them to a foundation, nonetheless, that can provoke an evil individual to end their life alone. At the point when at death's door patients can not assume control over issues, it puts a horrifying obligation on the shoulders of the family. Relatives ought not be compelled to pick between regarding the desires of a friend or family member and complying with the law. Relatives are persuaded exclusively by their adoration and empathy for whom ever is sick and the need, at any rate in their psyche, is that they ought not endure any more agony. Willful extermination resembles a merciful murder. At the point when one ends their own life, they are harming nobody however yet they are removing all the torment they have endured. Critically ill patients dread the reality of being alive yet not so much living, intellectually. Giving willful extermination as a legitimate choice permits patients to bite the dust with poise, to reserve the option to bite the dust, and to decrease the weight on relatives. Killing is such an extraordinary, begging to be proven wrong theme and will stay on the open plan until at long last settled. Book reference:

Sunday, July 26, 2020

Meet The Admissions Staff

Meet The Admissions Staff Ive been trying to think of a good way to kick off the new admissions cycle (class of 2010 woot!) and its finally come to me. We had our annual admissions retreat yesterday, an all-day event that took place off campus at the MIT Endicott House. Various presentations were given on the previous year. We discussed things that worked really well, and set new goals for this cycle. Im very excited to embark on my second year. But the serious stuff was only one part of the day. We also had lots of fun including a hysterical presentation by an etiquette consultant (Did you know that your name tag should always go on the right? Do you know why?), and a flower-pot-decorating competition. To kick off the new cycle, its my pleasure to introduce you to our current team of admissions folks, photographed with their flower pots at yesterdays event. Mari, Kathy, Eamon, and Me (Ben). Note that our pot says 3.14 Emily, Edmund, Kirsten, and Gisel. Sofia, Lorelle, Marilee, and Joanne. Matt D., Linda, and Ross. Salvador, Stu, and Marilyn. Note that their pot says MIT! Carina, Bette, Sue, and Matt M. Denise and Ellen. Amy S., Alia, and Amy P.

Friday, May 22, 2020

Daily Mandarin Lesson Busy in Chinese

The word for â€Å"busy† in Mandarin Chinese is Ã¥ ¿â„¢ (mà ¡ng). Find out how Ã¥ ¿â„¢ is often used in  conversation. Pronunciation Ã¥ ¿â„¢ is pronounced in the 2nd tone, also written as mang2.   Greeting Exchange When greeting friends, it is common to ask they are busy to see if they have time to talk or hang out. In this case, you would ask  Ã¤ ½  Ã¥ ¿â„¢Ã¤ ¸ Ã¥ ¿â„¢ (nÇ  mà ¡ng bà ¹ mà ¡ng). When replying, you can say that you are Ã¥ ¤ ªÃ¥ ¿â„¢ (tà  i mà ¡ng), which means too busy. But if have more time on your hands, you  will likely say ä ¸ Ã¥ ¿â„¢ (bà ¹ mà ¡ng), which means not busy. Or, you could say è ¿ËœÃ¥ ¥ ½ (hà ¡i hÇŽo), which means so-so or still okay. This exchange could sound like:   ä ½  Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã¤ ½  Ã¥ ¿â„¢Ã¤ ¸ Ã¥ ¿â„¢NÇ  hÇŽo! NÇ  mà ¡ng bà ¹ mà ¡ng?Hello! Are you busy?ä »Å Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¥ · ¥Ã¤ ½Å"Ã¥ ¾Ë†Ã¥â€º °Ã¥ ¤ ªÃ¥ ¿â„¢Ã¤ ºâ€ Ã£â‚¬â€šJÄ «n tiÄ n gÃ… ng zuà ² hÄ›n kà ¹n, wÇ’ tà  i mà ¡ng le.Work is really rough today, Im too busy.å“ ¦Ã©â€š £Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¤ » ¬Ã¦ËœÅ½Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¨ § Ã¥  §.Ó nà   wÇ’men mà ­ngtiÄ n jià  n ba.Oh, then lets meet tomorrow. Or, Ã¥â€"‚! ä ½  Ã¥ ¿â„¢Ã¤ ¸ Ã¥ ¿â„¢?Wà ¨i! NÇ  mà ¡ng bà ¹ mà ¡ng?Hey! Are you busy?ä ¸ Ã¥ ¿â„¢,ä »Å Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¦Å"‰ç © º.Bà ¹ mà ¡ng jÄ «ntiÄ n wÇ’ yÇ’u kà ²ng.Not busy, Im free today.Ã¥ ¤ ªÃ¥ ¥ ½Ã¤ ºâ€ Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¤ » ¬Ã¨ § Ã©  ¢Ã¥  §.Tà  i hÇŽo le! WÇ’ men jià  n mià  n ba.Great! Lets meet up then. Sentence Examples   Here are more examples of how you can use Ã¥ ¿â„¢ in a sentence: ä »â€"們éÆ' ½Ã¥ ¾Ë†Ã¥ ¿â„¢ (traditional form)ä »â€"ä » ¬Ã©Æ' ½Ã¥ ¾Ë†Ã¥ ¿â„¢ (simplified form)TÄ men dÃ… u hÄ›n mà ¡ng.All of them are busy. 功è ¯ ¾Ã©â€š £Ã¤ ¹Ë†Ã¥ ¤Å¡Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã§Å"Ÿçš„å ¤ ªÃ¥ ¿â„¢Ã¥â€¢Å !GÃ… ngkà ¨ nà  me duÃ… , wÇ’ zhÄ“n de tà  i mà ¡ng a!Theres so much homework, I really am too busy! ä »Å Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¥ ¾Ë†Ã¥ ¿â„¢JÄ «ntiÄ n wÇ’ hÄ›n mà ¡ng.I am very busy today.

Friday, May 8, 2020

The Life Of A Slave By Harriet Jacob Essay - 1505 Words

American History can be a complex subject to understand; its hard to understand when someone tries to explain a story to you when you weren’t there. Events throughout time would be changed or learned differently if it weren’t for autobiographies. I believe that autobiographies are very important when it comes to American History. Since American History could be very difficult to understand at once, so autobiographies help break down personal story of certain people who lived through their specific time period and tell the story they saw through their own eyes. I believe that American History is so accurate because of autobiographies. Slavery, in my opinion, is the most studied and learned event or time period in American History because people were treated so badly and it was â€Å"normal,† it was acceptable. These slaves lived and worked in very harsh conditions. I believe the only reason why we know so much about how bad slaves were treated is because of three autobiographies, Incidents in the Life of a Slave by Harriet Jacob, Autobiography of Frederick Douglass by Frederick Douglass, who had a huge impact during the times of slavery, and Twelve Years a Slave by Solomon Northup. Because of these three autobiographies historians can accurately explain how bad slavery was. A very helpful source of the time of slavery was Harriet Ann Jacobs. She is part of the reason on why people know so much about slavery. Her stories tell the harsh conditions the slaves had to work and live in;Show MoreRelatedThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs858 Words   |  4 PagesThe way that Harriet Jacobs describes slavery in Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl was not a surprise to me. I believed that slaves were treated poorly and often times were hurt, the way that I thought of slavery is just like it is described in the book if not worse. I will discuss what I believed slavery was like before I read the book, how slavery was according to the book using in text citations and examples and also explain my thoughts on why the treatment was not a surprise to me. FromRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs1606 Words   |  7 PagesSlaves in the southern states of the United States were oppressed, beaten, and deprived of their natural human rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Which in turn caused many slaves to resist their ill fate that was decided by their masters. Through the story of â€Å"Incidents in the life of a slave girl† by Harriet Jacobs she wrote in her experience how she was resisting her masters and how many people helped her in her escape. And it wasn’t just black that resisted the slave systemRead MoreHarriet Jacobs s Life Of A Slave1896 Words   |  8 PagesHarriet Jacobs was born a slave herself in Edenton, North Carolina and was one of the first women to write a slave narrative in the United States of Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861). It was to address the white women of the North and thousands of â€Å"Slave mothers that are still in bondage in the South† (Jacobs 126). Jacobs tells her life of twenty-seven years in slavery in-depth life as a slave, and the choices she made to gain freedom for herself and her children. She writes a storyRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesIncidents in the life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs, she talks about how her life changed while serving different and new masters and mistresses. I think that this narrative writing is an important text to help us understand the different perspectives of slavery in America. There are some slave owners that are kind and humane, and some slave owners that are cruel and abusive. Additionally, reading from a female slave’s perspectives teaches us that life on the plantations and life in the house isRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacob Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesIn the novel Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet Jacob’s writes an autobiography about the personal struggles her family, as well as women in bondage, commonly face while maturing in the Southern part of America. While young and enslaved, Harriet had learned how to read, write, sew, and taught how to perform other tasks associated with a ladies work from her first mistress. With the advantage of having a background in literacy, Harriet Jacobs later came to the realization that she wouldRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs1791 Words   |  8 PagesIn the slave narrative entitled Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet Jacobs also known as Linda Brent, is faced with a number of decisions, brutal hardships, and internal conflicts that she must cope with as an enslaved black woman. She opens the narrative with a preface that states: â€Å"READER, be assured this narrative is no fiction. I am aware that some of my adventures may seem incredible; but they are, nevertheless, strictly true. I have not exaggerated the wrongs inflicted by Slavery†Read MoreThe Life Of A Slav e Girl By Harriet Jacobs1198 Words   |  5 PagesIn her autobiography, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet Jacobs portrays her detailed life events on such an intense level. Jacobs was born in 1813 in North Carolina. She had a rough life starting at the age of six when her mother died, and soon after that everything started to go downhill, which she explains in her autobiography. Her novel was originally published in 1861, but was later reprinted in 1973 and 1987. Harriet Jacobs presents her story using numerous detailed descriptionsRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs928 Words   |  4 Pagesin the Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet Jacobs offers the audience to experience slavery through a feminist perspective. Unlike neo-slave narratives, Jacobs uses the pseudonym ‘Linda Brent’ to narrate her first-person account in order to keep her identity clandestine. Located in the Southern part of America, her incidents commence from her sheltered life a s a child to her subordination to her mistress upon her mother’s death, and her continuing struggle to live a dignified and virtuous life despiteRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs1292 Words   |  6 Pagesslavery. I chose to focus on two texts: Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl and Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. In the personal narrative Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, author Harriet Jacobs depicts the various struggles she endured in the course of her life as a young female slave and, as she grew older, a runaway escaped to the â€Å"free† land of the North, referring to herself as Linda Brent. Throughout this story, Jacobs places a heavy emphasis on the ways in which Brent andRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs1335 Words   |  6 PagesHarriet Jacobs wrote Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (Incidents) to plead with free white women in the north for the abolition of slavery. She focused on highlighting characteristics that the Cult of True Womanhood and other traditional protestant Christians idolized in women, mainly piety, purity, domesticity, and submissiveness. Yet, by representing how each of her characters loses the ability to maintain the prescribed values, she presents the strong moral framework of the African American

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Peaceful Pastures Free Essays

Mid-term Exam| Page: | 1 2 3 | 1. | Question 😠 (TCO 1) The goal of managerial accounting is to provide information that managers need for| | | Student Answer:| | planning. | | | | control. We will write a custom essay sample on Peaceful Pastures or any similar topic only for you Order Now | | | | decision making. | | | | All of the above answers are correct. | | Instructor Explanation:| Chapter 1, Page 4| | | | Points Received:| 4 of 4 | | Comments:| | | | 2. | Question 😠 TCO 1) Which of the following statements regarding fixed costs is true? | | | Student Answer:| | When production increases, fixed cost per unit increases. | | | | When production decreases, total fixed costs decrease. | | | When production increases, fixed cost per unit decreases. | | | | When production decreases, total fixed costs increase. | | Instructor Explanation:| Chapter 1, Page 9| | | | Points Received:| 4 of 4 | | Comments:| | | | 3. | Question 😠 (TCO 1) A retailer purchased some trendy clothes that have gone out of style and must be marked down to 40% of the original selling price in order to be sold. Which of the following is a sunk cost in this situation? | | | Student Answer:| | the current selling price | | | | the original selling price | | | | the original purchase pri ce | | | | the anticipated profit | Instructor Explanation:| Chapter 1, Page 9| | | | Points Received:| 4 of 4 | | Comments:| | | | 4. | Question 😠 (TCO 1) Shula’s 347 Grill has budgeted the following costs for a month in which 1,600 steak dinners will be produced and sold: materials, $4,080; hourly labor (variable), $5,200; rent (fixed), $1,700; depreciation, $800; and other fixed costs, $600. Each steak dinner sells for $14. 00 each. How much is the budgeted variable cost per unit? | | | Student Answer:| | $5. 80 | | | | $7. 74 | | | | $6. 68 | | | | $3. 25 | | Instructor Explanation:| Chapter 1, Page 8 ($4,080 + $5,200) / 1,600 = $5. 80| | | | Points Received:| 0 of 4 | Comments:| | | | 5. | Question 😠 (TCO 1) Which of the following is an example of a manufacturing overhead cost? | | | Student Answer:| | security at the manufacturing plant | | | | fabric used to produce shirts | | | | cost of shipping product to customers | | | | the salary of the president o f the company | | Instructor Explanation:| Chapter 2, Page 37| | | | Points Received:| 0 of 4 | | Comments:| | | | 6. | Question 😠 (TCO 1) Product costs| | | Student Answer:| | are also called manufacturing costs. | | | | are considered an asset until the finished goods are sold. | | | | become an expense when the goods are sold. | | | All of the above answers are correct. | | Instructor Explanation:| Chapter 2, Page 38| | | | Points Received:| 4 of 4 | | Comments:| | | | 7. | Question 😠 (TCO 1) At December 31, 2010, WDT Inc. has a balance in the Work in Process Inventory account of $62,000. At January 1, 2010, the balance was $55,000. Current manufacturing costs for the year are $292,000, and cost of goods sold is $284,000. How much is cost of goods manufactured? | | | Student Answer:| | $292,000 | | | | $299,000 | | | | $277,000 | | | | $285,000 | | Instructor Explanation:| Chapter 2, Page 43 $55,000 + $292,000 – $62,000 = $285,000| | | Points Received:| 0 of 4 | | Comments:| | | | 8. | Question 😠 (TCO 2) BCS Company applies manufacturing overhead based on direct labor hours. Information concerning manufacturing overhead and labor for August follows: | Estimated| Actual| Overhead cost| $174,000| $171,000| Direct labor hours| 5,800| 5,900| Direct labor cost| $87,000| $89,975| How much overhead should be applied in total during August? | | | Student Answer:| | 177,000 | | | | 179,950 | | | | 171,100 | | | | 168,200 | | Instructor Explanation:| Chapter 2, Page 54 ($174,000 / 5,800) x 5,900 = 177,000| | | | Points Received:| 0 of 4 | | Comments:| | | 9. | Question 😠 (TCO 2) Citrus Company incurred manufacturing overhead costs of $300,000. Total overhead applied to jobs was $306,000. What was the amount of overapplied or underapplied overhead? | | | Student Answer:| | $7,000 overapplied | | | | $6,000 overapplied | | | | $6,000 underapplied | | | | $13,000 underapplied | | Instructor Explanation:| Chapter 2, Page 55 $306,000 â⠂¬â€œ $300,000 = $6,000 overapplied| | | | Points Received:| 4 of 4 | | Comments:| | | | 10. | Question 😠 (TCO 3) Companies in which of the following industries would not be likely to use process costing? | | | Student Answer:| | cereals | | | paints | | | | cosmetics | | | | auto body shop | | Instructor Explanation:| Chapter 3, Page 84| | | | Points Received:| 4 of 4 | | Comments:| | | | 11. | Question 😠 (TCO 3) The Blending Department began the period with 45,000 units. During the period the department received another 30,000 units from the prior department and completed 60,000 units during the period. The remaining units were 75% complete. How much are equivalent units in The Blending Department’s work in process inventory at the end of the period? | | | Student Answer:| | 30,000 | | | | 22,500 | | | | 15,000 | | | | 11,250 | Instructor Explanation:| Chapter 3, Page 88 (45,000 + 30,000 – 60,000) x 75% = 11,250| | | | Points Received:| 4 of 4 | | Comme nts:| | | | 12. | Question 😠 (TCO 3) Ranger Glass Company manufactures glass for French doors. At the start of May, 2,000 units were in-process. During May, 11,000 units were completed and 3,000 units were in process at the end of May. These in-process units were 90% complete with respect to material and 50% complete with respect to conversion costs. Other information is as follows: Work in process, May 1:| | Direct material| $36,000| Conversion costs| $45,000| Costs incurred during May:| | Direct material| $186,000| Conversion costs| $255,000| How much is the cost per equivalent unit for direct materials? | | | Student Answer:| | $24. 00 | | | | $16. 20 | | | | $15. 86 | | | | $13. 58 | | Instructor Explanation:| Chapter 3, Page 89 ($36,000 + $186,000) / [11,000 + (3,000 x 90%)] = $16. 20| | | | Points Received:| 0 of 4 | | Comments:| | | | 13. | Question 😠 (TCO 4) Duradyne, Inc. has total costs of $18,000 when 2,000 units are produced and $26,000 when 5,200 units are produced. During March, 4,000 units were produced and sold for $8 each. What is the variable cost per unit? | | | Student Answer:| | $2. 0 | | | | $0. 40 | | | | $2. 00 | | | | $4. 00 | | Instructor Explanation:| Chapter 4, Page 127 ($26,000 – $18,000) / (5,200 – 2,000) = $2. 50| | | | Points Received:| 4 of 4 | | Comments:| | | | | Page: | 1 2 3 | 1. | Question 😠 (TCO 4) The three elements of the profit margin are:| | | Student Answer:| | Selling price per unit, variable cost per unit, and fixed cost per unit. | | | | Total revenues, total variable costs, and total fixed cost. | | | | Selling price per unit, variable cost per unit, and total fixed costs. | | | | Selling price per unit, total variable costs, and fixed cost per unit. | Instructor Explanation:| Chapter 4, Page 130| | | | Points Received:| 0 of 4 | | Comments:| | | | 2. | Question 😠 (TCO 4) Circle K Furniture has a contribution margin ratio of 16%. If fixed costs are $176,800, how many dollars of revenue must the company generate in order to reach the break-even point? | | | Student Answer:| | $1,105,000 | | | | $282,880 | | | | $1,060,800 | | | | $208,476 | | Instructor Explanation:| Chapter 4, Page 133 $176,800 / 16% = $1,105,000| | | | Points Received:| 4 of 4 | | Comments:| | | | 3. | Question 😠 (TCO 4) Randy Company produces a single product that is sold for $85 per unit. If variable costs per unit are $26 and fixed costs total $47,500, how many units must Randy sell in order to earn a profit of $100,000? | | | Student Answer:| | 1,735 | | | | 618 | | | | 890 | | | | 2,500 | | Instructor Explanation:| Chapter 4, Page 132 ($100,000 + $47,500) / ($85 – $26) = 2,500 units| | | | Points Received:| 4 of 4 | | Comments:| | | | 4. | Question 😠 (TCO 5) Which of the following is treated differently in full costing than in variable costing? | | | Student Answer:| | Direct materials | | | | Fixed manufacturing overhead | | | | Direct labor | | | | Variable manufacturing overhead | Instructor Explanation:| Chapter 5, Page 168| | | | Points Received:| 4 of 4 | | Comments:| | | | 5. | Question 😠 (TCO 5) Which of the following items appears on a variable costing income statement but not on a full costing income statement? | | | Student Answer:| | Sales | | | | Gross margin | | | | Net income | | | | Contribution margin | | Instructor Explanation :| Chapter 5, Page 169| | | | Points Received:| 4 of 4 | | Comments:| | | | 6. | Question 😠 (TCO 5) Peak Manufacturing produces snow blowers. The selling price per snow blower is $100. Costs involved in production are: Direct Material per unit| $20| Direct Labor per unit| 12| Variable manufacturing overhead per unit| 10| Fixed manufacturing overhead per year| $148,500| In addition, the company has fixed selling and administrative costs of $150,000 per year. During the year, Peak produces 45,000 snow blowers and sells 30,000 snow blowers. How much is net income using full costing? | | | Student Answer:| | 1,641,000 | | | | $1,590,000 | | | | $1,441,500 | | | | $1,491,000 | | Instructor Explanation:| Chapter 5, Pages 172-174 Sales = $100 x 30,000 = $3,000,000Expenses = [($148,500 / 45,000) + $20 + $12 + $10] x 30,000 = $1,359,000 COGS + $150,000 = $1,509,000Net Income = $3,000,000 – $1,509,000 = $1,491,000| | | Points Received:| 0 of 4 | | Comments:| | | | 7. | Question 😠 (TCO 6) Costs may be allocated to | | | Student Answer:| | products. | | | | services. | | | | departments. | | | | any of the above. | | Instructor Explanation:| Chapter 6, Page 201| | | | Points Received:| 4 of 4 | | Comments:| | | | 8. | Question 😠 (TCO 5) An alloca tion base| | | Student Answer:| | is the minimum amount to be allocated to a cost object. | | | | coordinates the manufacturing overhead costs as they are incurred. | | | | will always be less than the variable costs for a product. | | | | relates the cost pool to the cost objectives. | Instructor Explanation:| Chapter 6, Page 202| | | | Points Received:| 4 of 4 | | Comments:| | | | 9. | Question 😠 (TCO 6) Sierra Company allocates the estimated $200,000 of its accounting department costs to its production and sales departments because the accounting department supports the other two departments, particularly with regard to payroll and accounts payable functions. The costs will be allocated based on the number of employees using the direct method. Information regarding costs and employees follows: Department| Employees| Accounting| 4| Production| 36| Sales| 12| How much of the accounting department costs will be allocated to the production and sales departments? | | | Student Answer:| | Production: $150,000 Sales: $50,000 | | | | Production: $180,000 Sales: $60,000 | | | | Production: $1,800,000 Sales: $600,000 | | | | Production: $22,222 Sales: $66,667 | | Instructor Explanation:| Chapter 6, Pages 213-214 Production = [$200,000 / (36 + 12)] x 36 = $150,000Sales = [$200,000 / (36 + 12)] x 12 = $50,000| | | | Points Received:| 4 of 4 | | Comments:| | | | 10. | Question 😠 (TCO 7) A company is trying to decide whether to keep or drop the sporting goods department in its department store. If the segment is dropped, the manager will be fired. The manager’s salary, in relation to the decision to keep or drop the sporting goods department, is| | | Student Answer:| | avoidable and therefore relevant. | | | | not avoidable and therefore relevant. | | | | sunk and therefore not relevant. | | | | the same for all alternatives and therefore not relevant. | | Instructor Explanation:| Chapter 7, Pages 256-257| | | | Points Received:| 0 of 4 | | Comments:| | | | 11. | Question 😠 (TCO 7) BigByte Company has 12 obsolete computers that are carried in inventory at a cost of $13,200. If these computers are upgraded at a cost of $7,500, they could be sold for $15,300. Alternatively, the computers could be sold â€Å"as is† for $9,000. What is the net advantage or disadvantage of reworking the computers? | | | Student Answer:| | $6,300 advantage | | | | $1,200 disadvantage | | | | $5,400 disadvantage | | | | $3,000 advantage | | Instructor Explanation:| Chapter 7, Pages 251-252 ($15,300 – $9,000) – ($7,500 – $0) = ($1,200)| | | | Points Received:| 4 of 4 | | Comments:| | | | 12. | Question 😠 (TCO 7) Olde Store has 12,000 cans of crab meat just a week past the expiration date. Each can cost $0. 31. The cans could be sold as is for $0. 20 each, or relabeled and sold as gourmet cat food. The cost of relabeling the cans would be $0. 04 per can and the cans would then sell for $0. 29 per can. What should be done with the cans and why? | | | Student Answer:| | The cans should be thrown away since there will be a loss with the other alternatives. | | | | The cans should be relabeled into cat food since the sales price increases $0. 09 per can and the cost is only $0. 04 per can. | | | | The cans should be put on clearance since there is no reason to put more money into something that is already selling below cost. | | | It doesn’t matter what you do since all alternatives result in a loss. | | Instructor Explanation:| Chapter 7, Pages 251-252| | | | Points Received:| 4 of 4 | | Comments:| | | | Page: | 1 2 3 | 1. | Question 😠 (TCO 3) Why is it necessary to use equivalent units in a process costing system? | | | Student Answer:| | Process costing, as we have seen, is ess entially a system of averaging. Equivalent Units In calculating the average unit cost, it is necessary to convert the number of partially completed units in Work in Process to an equivalent number of whole units. Otherwise, the denominator in the average unit cost calculation will be misstated. When partially completed units are converted to a comparable number of completed units, they are referred to as equivalent units. Jiambalvo. Managerial Accounting, 4th Edition. John Wiley Sons. . | | Instructor Explanation:| In a company that uses process costing, there may be incomplete units in ending Work in Process inventory. These units are converted to a comparable number of completed units in order to calculate the cost per equivalent unit. | | | | Points Received:| 20 of 20 | | Comments:| | | | 2. Question 😠 (TCO 7) Computer Boutique sells computer equipment and home office furniture. Currently, the furniture product line takes up approximately 50% of the company’s retail floor space. The president of Computer Boutique is trying to decide whether the company should continue offering furniture or just concentrate on computer equipment. If furniture is dropped, salaries and other d irect fixed costs can be avoided. In addition, sales of computer equipment can increase by 13%. Allocated fixed costs are assigned based on relative sales. | Computer| Home Office| | | Equipment| Furniture| Total| Sales| $1,200,000| $800,000| $2,000,000| Less cost of goods sold| 700,000| 500,000| 1,200,000| Contribution margin| 500,000| 300,000| 800,000| Less direct fixed costs:| | | | Salaries| 175,000| 175,000| 350,000| Other| 60,000| 60,000| 120,000| Less allocated fixed costs:| | | | Rent| 14,118| 9,882| 24,000| Insurance| 3,529| 2,471| 6,000| Cleaning| 4,117| 2,883| 7,000| President’s salary| 76,470| 53,350| 130,000| Other| 7,058| 4,942| 12,000| Total costs| 340,292| 380,708| 649,000| Net Income| $159,708| ($ 8,708)| $151,000| | | | | | Prepare an incremental analysis to determine the incremental effect on profit of discontinuing the furniture line. | | Student Answer:| | | | Instructor Explanation:| Incremental drop in revenue| ($800,000)| Incremental cost savings:| | Cost of sales| 500,000| Salaries| 175,000| Other| 60,000| Incremental increase in computer equipment| | (13% x $1,200,000)| 156,000| Incremental increase in computer equipment| | variable costs (13% x $700,000)| (91,000)| Incremental increase in profit| $ 0 | | | | | Points Received:| 10 of 25 | | Comments:| | | | 3. | Question 😠 (TCO 4) Beach Rentals has estimated that fixed costs per month are $79,200 and variable cost per dollar of sales is $0. 2. (a) What is the break-even point per month in sales? (b) What level of sales is needed for a monthly profit of $24,000? (c) For the month of July, the company anticipates sales of $240,000. What is the expected level of profit? | | | Student Answer:| | a. ) $165,000 sales b. ) $215,000 c. ) | | Instructor Explanation:| (a) Contribution margin ratio = 1. 00 – 0. 52 = 0. 48 $79,200 ? 0. 48 = $165,000 (b) ($79,200 + $24,000) ? 0. 48 = $215,000 (c) ($240,000 ? 0. 48) – $79,200 = $36,000| | | | Points Received:| 20 of 25 | | Comments:| | | | How to cite Peaceful Pastures, Essay examples

Tuesday, April 28, 2020

My Brother Aaron free essay sample

The spring my brother Aaron turned seven, he started playing in a tee-ball league. In teeball, coaches need every volunteer they can find. So I started serving as first base coach or catcher when Aaron’s team was hitting. Sometimes I brought the tee out if necessary, or when my team was in the field, I stood behind them and made sure to get the ball when it occasionally got past the fielder. The next year, Aaron moved up a league, and so did I. At eight, he played his first year of Little League minor’s baseball. From the beginning of minors, I showed up at all the practices and all the games I could. Since the players were older and more experienced, I was able to ‘coach’ and be less of a volunteer babysitter. I sat in the dugout and helped keep the kids under control. During the games we talked baseball, or we stood banging at the fence cheering on our teammates. We will write a custom essay sample on My Brother Aaron or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As another year passed, Aaron turned nine and I could drive him around. I continued to coach his team. We were the Essex Cardinals, and I became the assistant coach. I committed myself and made it a point to be at every game and practice. The other coaches liked me because, unlike the older coaches, I could still do all the drills with the kids, tempering their energy with my own. Sometimes people say a good friend is like the brother they never had. Aaron is the brother I do have. I want him to succeed. I also want to be the best at everything I do, but I want him right there with me. In the first game of the year, Aaron came in as a relief pitcher. He threw a 1-2-3 inning, and I will never forget it. But unfortunately the team lost. There were definitely times in the season when Aaron did not believe in himself. But I always believed in him, and I worked with him on his confidence. After practice we went home and threw some pitches in the yard, and every time I told him not to aim the ball but just throw it hard. Our practice began to pay off. In another memorable game against the Chester Yankees, Aaron came in to pitch when the score was tied. He pitched well, but gave up the winning run in a 3-2 loss. After the game he was pretty upset, as expected, but I told him I thought he had pitched exceptionally well, and that he should hold his head up. I like to think my words really meant something to him. I need to tell Aaron I am proud of him more often. After all, he is my brother. I would be proud of him whatever he chooses to do. Luckily he chose something I lov e: sports. I do not want to take all the credit for his love of sports, or being so good at them, but I push him to do his best. As a coach, I push the entire team. At practice it is time to play, not time to fool around. Together we practice hitting, throwing, fielding, pitching, and running drills. Of course I want the team to do the best they can. When it came time for the playoff tournament last season, we played in a single elimination format (win or go home.) We won one game, but lost in the finals, a bitter pill to swallow. But at least Aaron and I went through it together. One of the best things about coaching is the influence I have on all the players, not just Aaron. Since I live in a small town, I run into players in Aaron’s league all the time when I am hanging out with my friends or working. Kids from the team always run up to me to say hi. It’s not always convenient, but it’s a responsibility. I know I need to act and lead by example, and I take it very seriously.

Thursday, March 19, 2020

Getting a Job in the Videogame Industry

Getting a Job in the Videogame Industry When the video game industry started, back in the days of Pong, Atari, Commodore, and of course, the coin-op arcade, the majority of the developers were hardcore programmers who became game developers because they knew how to work in the language of the machines at the time. It was the generation of the mainframe programmer and the self-taught hobbyist turned pro. As time went on, traditional artists, designers, quality assurance, and other personnel became part of the development process. The concept of game developers being limited to elite coders began to fade, and the term game design became formalized. Beginning as a Tester Testing games for money have been a dream job for countless teens. For a while, testing was a viable path for the industry, although many quickly realized that it wasnt the job they imagined it would be. This path  worked for quite some time, but as game design, development, and publishing grew into a multibillion-dollar industry, the potential game designer needed more formal training and the office became a more professional setting in the times past.  It is still possible to progress from tech support or quality assurance into the development, but doing so without higher level education and training has become a rarity inside the big development companies.   QA and testing were once considered a no-qualification-required or entry-level job, but many publishers and developers have test teams with higher education and even development skills as well. Applying for Development Positions Getting a development position isnt just a matter of having some programming or art classes on your resume. Long, sometimes multi-day interview processes  stand between the aspiring developer and their dreams of making games. Questions you will want to ask yourself: Programmers: What titles have you shipped? If youre still a college student, what was your final project? Have you worked in a collaborative programming environment before? Do you know how to write clean, concise, documented code? Artists: What does your portfolio look like? Do you have a solid command of the tools you use? Can you take direction well? How about the ability to give constructive feedback? Game designers or level designers: What games are out there that youve made? Why did you make the decisions you did about gameplay, level flow, lighting, art style, or anything else that you did to make your game unique? Those are the easy questions. Programming interviews frequently involve having to stand up in front of your potential coworkers at a whiteboard and solve logic or programming efficiency problems. Level designers and artists may have to talk about their work on a video projector in the same sort of environment. Many game companies now check for compatibility with teammates. If youre not able to communicate with your potential peers, you may lose the chance at a job that youd be perfect for. Independent Development The recent rise of independently developed and published games has opened a new path for those looking to get into the game industry- but this is not an easy route by any stretch of the imagination. It requires a significant investment of time, energy, resources, and a drive to face a very competitive market. And most importantly, it requires that you know how to fail, and despite this to get up and move on to the next project until you make it.

Tuesday, March 3, 2020

Learn About Education and Schools in Virginia

Learn About Education and Schools in Virginia When it comes to education and schools, all states are not created equal. States and local governments possess almost all of the power when it comes to governing education and schools.   Because of this, you will find key differences in education-related policy across all fifty states and the District of Columbia. You will continue to find distinct differences even between neighboring districts thanks to local control. Highly debated educational topics such as the Common Core State Standards, teacher evaluations, school choice, charter schools, and teacher tenure are handled differently by almost every state.   These and other key educational issues typically fall along controlling political party lines. This ensures that a student in one state will likely be receiving a different variation of education than their peers in neighboring states. These differences make it virtually impossible to accurately compare the quality of education   one state is providing compared to another. You must utilize several common data points to make connections and draw conclusions about the quality of education any particular state is providing. This profile focuses on education and schools in Virginia.   Virginia Education and Schools Virginia Department of Education Virginia Superintendent of Public Instruction: Dr. Steven R. Staples District/School Information Length of School Year: A minimum of 180 school days or 540 (K) and 990 (1-12) school hours are required by Virginia state law. Number of Public School Districts: There are 130 public school districts in Virginia. Number of Public Schools: There are 2192 public schools in Virginia. **** Number of Students Served in Public Schools: There are 1,257,883 public school students in Virginia. **** Number of Teachers in Public Schools: There are 90,832 public school teachers in Virginia.**** Number of Charter Schools: There are 4 charter schools in Virginia. Per Pupil Spending: Virginia spends $10,413 per pupil in public education. **** Average Class Size: The average class size In Virginia is 13.8 students per 1 teacher. **** % of Title I Schools: 26.8% of schools in Virginia are Title I Schools.**** % With Individualized Education Programs (IEP): 12.8% of students in Virginia are on IEPs. **** % in Limited-English Proficiency Programs: 7.2% of students in Virginia are in limited-English Proficient Programs.**** % of Student Eligible for Free/Reduced Lunches: 38.3% of students in Virginia schools are eligible for free/reduced lunches.**** Ethnic/Racial Student Breakdown**** White: 53.5% Black: 23.7% Hispanic: 11.8% Asian: 6.0% Pacific Islander: 0.1% American Indian/Alaskan Native: 0.3% School Assessment Data Graduation Rate: 81.2% of all students entering high school in Virginia graduate. ** Average ACT/SAT score: Average ACT Composite Score: 23.1*** Average Combined SAT Score: 1533***** 8th grade NAEP assessment scores:**** Math: 288 is the scaled score for 8th grade students in Virginia. The U.S. average was 281. Reading: 267 is the scaled score for 8th grade students in Virginia. The U.S. average was 264. % of Students Who Attend College after High School: 63.8% of students in Virginia go on to attend some level of college. *** Private Schools Number of Private Schools: There are 638 private schools in Virginia.* Number of Students Served in Private Schools: There are 113,620 private school students in Virginia.* Homeschooling Number of Students Served Through Homeschooling: There were an estimated 34,212 students that were homeschooled in Virginia in 2015.# Teacher Pay The average teacher pay for the state of Virginia was $49,869 in 2013.## Each individual district in the state of Virginia negotiates teacher salaries and establishes their own teacher salary schedule. The following is an example of a teacher salary schedule in Virginia provided by the Richmond Public School *Data courtesy of Education Bug . **Data courtesy of ED.gov ***Data courtesy of PrepScholar. ****Data courtesy of the National Center for Education Statistics ******Data courtesy of The Commonwealth Foundation #Data courtesy of A2ZHomeschooling.com ##Average salary courtesy of National Center of Education Statistics ###Disclaimer:   The information provided on this page changes frequently.   It will be updated regularly as new information and data becomes available.

Sunday, February 16, 2020

Please discuss, in general terms, how Brazil might capitalise on this Essay

Please discuss, in general terms, how Brazil might capitalise on this opportunity to ensure success in the global market - Essay Example Although globalization has facilitated Brazil in this respect, the economy has to confront several issues, such as foreign direct investment and national differences among political economy, which can possibly influence the economic and commercial performance by the country. This report provides an overview of the position of Brazil as a major agricultural and fuel exporter in the world economy. It also provides insights on the issues that the economy has to handle and recommends on how Brazil can further capitalize on its position to ensure long term success in the international market. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Globalization and its effects 4 Globalization in Brazil 5 Production of ethanol in Brazil 7 Environmental and ethical issues faced by Brazil owing to ethanol production 8 Ethical issues 8 Foreign Direct Investment 9 National Differences in Political Economy 10 Exports and Imports situation 10 Conclusion and Recommendations 11 References 13 Appendix 15 Introductio n The Brazilian economy has been exhibiting high rates of economic growth, although the country is still plagued with various issues and imbalances. One of the primary reasons is that Brazil has a vast and strong domestic market that facilitates the development of a stable equilibrium of its demand and supply. This attribute of the economy imparts to it the confidence to maintain its growth rate. The support of the internal factors such as a strong domestic market builds up the ability of the economy to continue growing at this pace and ensures that it is protected from the vulnerabilities of the external competitive world. This leads to sustainable development of the country. However, in order to increase Brazil’s presence in the world market, the economy has to adhere to the policies and regulations and increase its focus on making innovations. Globalization and its effects The world economy is experiencing a major shift since the beginning of the 19th century. The 19th cen tury marked the beginning of a phenomenon known as globalization. Although globalization is believed by scholars to have a long history, the onset of ‘modern globalization’ is said to have been in the 19th century (O'Rourke and Williamson, 2000). The 19th century imperialism had made a huge contribution to shape the modern form of globalization when the European countries conquered many parts of the world, including the sub-Saharan Africa (Economic-geography, 2012). In the mid twentieth century, globalization was driven largely by the multinational corporations most of which were based in the United States. During this period the world saw a wide spread of the American culture. Two factors of the macro environment might be held responsible to lead the way towards globalization. Firstly, the barriers to the â€Å"free flow of goods, services, and capital† (Hill, 2011, p. 12) have been on the decline after the World War II ended. The second factor is the advent of disruptive technology that has brought swift and vast changes in the fields of communication, transfer of knowledge and information and processing of information. According to Hill, globalization is a shift in the economic and social functioning of the different economies towards an integrated and more interdependent economic system. This process can be broadly segmented into two facets; namely, globalization of the markets and globalization of the production process (Hill, 2011). There is a wide assortment of markets in the different countries, each of which has its own

Sunday, February 2, 2020

Research and Methodology paper 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Research and Methodology paper 2 - Essay Example According to the health practice standard, every human being is responsible for quality health practices. Every person is involved in one way, or another to create a better health environment in the community. The health practitioners are accountable for the quality of health services they discharge to members of the community. The code of professional conduct demands that every decision made by the health practitioners is justified according to existing ethics and ethical behaviour standards. In that essence, many agree that the development of treatment on various conditions that affect many people is directly dependant to the research availed to the health practitioners. Research is dependable for facilitating and determining the cure for various conditions (Weinbroum, Ekstein & Ezri 2002). Research is also necessary for the determination of processes during administration of medicines. Apart from medical decision, research is critical in that it helps the practitioners be satisfied that the conditions affecting people are treatable under determined conditions. Research has provided the backbone for nursing practitioners to develop their practices and improve service delivery to members of the community who visit various health centres. The research methodology discusses or rather critiques individual research delivered under the operating practitioners department. Operating department practitioners fall under the umbrella of health care providers. Their main tasks involve is providing the patient with perioperative care. They manage operations towards safe and secure results. They are employed in medical operating departments. Even so, they can be allocated to other departments since they have a wide array of clinical and surgical knowhow. In most hospitals or health centres, they are mainly found in the accident and emergency units, intensive care units, and the ambulance service

Saturday, January 25, 2020

Socialization In Developing Patterns Of Deviance Social Work Essay

Socialization In Developing Patterns Of Deviance Social Work Essay Primary socialization could be more important than secondary socialization as the primary socialization phase is the basic step that an individual takes to enter into society. Socialization has been described as to render social or make someone able to live in society and learn the social norms and customs. Socialization is central to the functioning of any society and is also central to the emergence of modernity. Socialization tends to serve two major functions of preparing an individual to play and develop roles, habits, beliefs and values and evoke appropriate patterns of emotional, social and physical responses helping to communicate contents of culture and its persistence and continuity (Chinoy, 1961). However social rules and social systems should be integrated with the individuals own social experiences. However individual social experiences have become much less important in the study of socialization as the focus is now on identifying functions of institutions and systems in socialization and cultural changes. Socialization is especially true in family and education and has been seen in many family forms and differences in gender roles, in cultural diversity and in occupational standards. However it is important to note the relationship between ethics, norms, values, roles in socialization. Socialization is the means through which social and cultural continuity is attained however socialization itself may not lead to desirable consequences although it is a process and meant to have an impact on all aspects of society and the individual (Chinoy, 1961). Socialization provides partial explanation for the human condition as also the beliefs and behaviour of society although the role of environment may also be significant in any process of socialization (Johnson, 1961). Both socialization and biology could have an impact on how people are shaped by the environment and their genes and behavioural outcomes are also significantly different as the capacity for learning changes throughout a lifetime. Socialization could have many agents such as the family, friends and school, religious institutions and peer groups as also the mass media and work place colleagues. The family establishes basic attitudes whereas schools build ethics and values, religious institutions affect our belief systems and peer groups help in sharing social traits. Socialization is usually seen as a life process and a continued interaction will all agents of society in a manner that is most beneficial to individuals. Socialization could be primary which occurs in a child as the child learns attitudes, values, actions as members of particular societies and cultures. If a child experiences racist attitudes in the family, this could have an effect on the childs attitudes towards minorities and other races. Primary socialization is the first and basic step towards interactions with the outside world and the family is the first agent in primary socialization as the family introduces a child to the world outside, to its beliefs, customs, norms and helps the child in adapting to the new environment (Clausen, 1968). Secondary socialization happens when a child moves out of family and learn how to behave within a small community or social group and teenagers or adolescents are largely influenced by secondary socialization as they may enter a new school. Entering a new profession is also secondary socialization of adults and whereas primary socialization is more generalized, secondary socialization is adap ting to specific environments. Primary socialization happens early in life and is the first socialization in children and adolescents when new attitudes and ideas develop for social interaction. Secondary socialization refers to socialization that takes place through ones life and can occur in children as well as in older adults as it means adapting to new situations and dealing with new encounters (White, 1977). There are other types of socialization such as developmental socialization and anticipatory socialization. Developmental socialization is about developing social skills and learning behaviour within a social institution and anticipatory socialization is about understanding and predicting future situations and relationships and developing social responses or skills to these situations. Re-socialization is another process of socialization in which former behavioural patterns are discarded to learn new values and norms. This could be a new gender role if there is a condition of sex change. Socialization is a fundamental sociological concept and the elements of socialization are generally agreed upon as having specific goals such as impulse control and cultivating new roles, cultivation of meaning sources. Socialization is the process that helps in social functioning and is often considered as culturally relative as people from different cultures socialize differently (White, 1977). Since socialization is an adoption of culture, the process of socialization is different for every culture. Socialization has been described as both a process and an outcome. It has been argued that the core identity of an individual and the basic life beliefs and attitudes develop during primary socialization and the more specific changes through secondary socialization occurs in different structured social situations. Life socialization, especially through social situations as in secondary socialization, the need for later life situations highlights the complexity of society and increase i n varied roles and responsibilities. However there could be several differences between primary and secondary socialization as Mortimer and Simmons (1978) showed how these two types of socialization differ. Content, context and response are the three ways in which the differences between primary and secondary socialization could be explained. In childhood socialization involves regulation of biological drives and impulse control which is later replaced by self image and values in adolescence. In adulthood socialization is more about specific norms and behaviors and relates to work roles and personality traits development. Context or the environment in socialization is also important as the person who is socialized seeks to learn within the context of family and school or peer groups. Relationships are also emotional and socialization also takes place as an individual takes the adult role. Formal and informal relationships tend to differ according to situational context and in some cases contexts tend to affect the emotional nature of relationships. As far as responding to situations is concerned, children and adolescents could be more easily moulded than adults as adult socialization is more voluntary and adults could manipulate their own responses considerably. Socialization involves contacts with multiple groups in different contexts and interactions at various levels. Socialization is a social process and in the process of socialization, parents, friends, schools, co workers, family members tend to play a major role (Chinoy, 1961). However socialization could have its positive or negative impact as seen in broad and narrow socialization process as in broad socialization, individualism, and self expression are important whereas in case of narrow socialization conformity is more important. This differentiation was provided by Arnett (1995) who suggested that socialization could result in both broad and narrow social interaction process as broad socialization helps in expansion and narrow socialization is more about conformity and according to Arnett, socialization could be broad or narrow within the socialization forces of friends, family, school, peer group, co workers etc. Socialization type could vary across cultures as in America for instance there is an increased emphasis on individualism whereas in many Asian countries as in India or Japan socialization could be about conformity to religious or social norms (Arnett, 1995). However primary socialization could be more significant than secondary socialization as primary socialization is about forming a basic attitude towards people and society and this in turn helps in shaping the identity of individuals as a child. Primary socialization is social learning process in childhood whereas secondary socialization is social learning in adulthood or social learning added to already existing basic learning process so secondary socialization is about added learning and in some cases substitute learning where changes in the socialization process takes place due to new environments such as change of workplace or entering new work environments or new schools (Johnson, 1961). Primary socialization is more basic as in primary socialization the child learns the very first social responses and develops the first social beliefs and attitudes. Based on primary socialization process, secondary socialization is about using the primary socially learned responses to adapt them to new environments through secondary socialization. Since primary socialization occurs in childhood and in the childs immediate environment as through home or family, it is more significant and has a greater impact on the childs attitudes and beliefs as well as social and emotional development. Primary socialization could be said to have a direct impact on the child and shapes the future of the child and how he grows up with certain beliefs as in case of children who see racial hatred in the family is more prone to develop their own hatred towards other races as a result of direct conditioning in the family environment. In fact the young people in later years are peculiarly shaped by what t hey learnt and experienced in childhood and how they were conditioned to react to situations and people and thus primary socialization is of greater significance in later years than secondary socialization (Clausen, 1968). Within this context, families and schools are of prime importance and are considered as the first agents that implement the processes of social control. Youth crime and anti social behavior could be explained with the aid of direct primary socialization as what the individual learns at home is of major importance and shapes his later life and could also explain any kind of deviance (Pitts, 2001). Young people enter crime possibly through racial hatred or lack of social inclusion and these attitudes such as against other races are formed in childhood or adolescence and the child usually learns from the family members, school peers and direct social environment (Muncie, 2004). Social inclusion is one of the major issues of socialization as emphasized by the government as minority communities and individuals from different races and religions may feel excluded and this exclusion leads to a sense of frustration and crime among the youth of the excluded groups (McAuley, 2007). In order to overcome this sense of exclusion, minority groups and especially the young people of minority groups have been given special support through various social services of inclusion and inclusion is also part of the socialization process and could be considered as secondary as individuals go through social inclusion adaptive processes and behavior after they have been already brought up and undergone primary socialization in their family homes or schools that were not too conducive to inclusion. In fact the making of responsible citizens include adaptive processes at home, family and school, work or general community and the young people develop knowledge of cultures at home and in the community and also endorse their own subcultures of social attitudes and behavior that are influenced by primary rather than secondary socialization (Hall and Jefferson, 1976). Considering that primary socialization and what we learn from the immediate environment in childhood is more important than secondary socialization and what we learn at the workplace or in new environments, primary socialization still remains the basic socialization process and secondary socialization only implies a change or an addition to what has been already learnt in childhood.

Friday, January 17, 2020

Every culture has a different set of traits and habits

I agree with the first part of the article. Every culture has a different set of traits and habits. The norms which are considered common in one culture may be considered in-appropriate in other culture. For example in Western culture it’s normal to use credit card or open up personal information to vendors; which is not workable in Eastern societies that includes not only Egypt but India as well. The reason for such cultural attitude is the way business is done. In Eastern it is rare for two individual to do business to trust someone unless they know each other for some time.Thus the idea of pure business relation seems odd in East which is a normal thing in West. The reason for such cultural attitude is the status of economies in the East and West. The third world countries have under developed economies; and these societies are mix of socialistic and capitalist systems. And business is normally done in traditional ways long forgotten in the West. It’s natural in such environment to have lack of trust in e-commerce environment. Creating information societies where people are made aware of internet and the power of e-commerce would be one step in this directionThere may be come some improvement by opening up information; however cultural traits cannot be solved only by making information available. Cultural habits are developed over the course of centuries that will not wither away simply by informing people about internet. The Western societies have been developed through many centuries; which cannot take place over night in the east. In order to develop e-commerce environment; countries like Egypt need to invest in many areas; such as infrastructure, education and more importantly to develop consumer based economy.People in Egypt (and countries like Egypt) are under paid; wealth is very scarce to produce. In such environment people trust only those; whom they know personally, rather than trusting someone online which they have never met or seen . It would take lot of effort by developing countries to work on their economies making them more market oriented and create businesses and opportunities; only then it would be possible to change cultural habits.

Thursday, January 9, 2020

Manual vs. Automated Statistical Process Control Food...

Israel Ortega-Ramos The Prime Example Our recent visit to a food packaging plant in New Jersey highlighted the inconsistent results of statistical process control routinely faced by Quality Control Managers. Product weight readings were taken from the manufacturing floor, entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed. The results produced no predictable under or over filling trend despite the fact that the same people used the same scales at the same time of day. The problem is simple and fundamental. Human error is an inevitable part of the process of collecting statistical data. This is consistently overlooked in companies that utilize manual SPC[1] (statistical process control) for their manufactured goods. To ensure the†¦show more content†¦The scale will then calculate the statistical data after the last product is placed on the scale and store this data in a password-protected memory for collection by the Quality Manager. This statistical data can then be sent wirelessly to a spreadsheet, printed on a label to accompany the sampled product, or simply viewed on the scale interface. The flow diagram below shows the improved SPC process. Companies can also utilize various connectivity and software options that can integrate filling machines to automated SPC scale systems. This means that fill volumes based on trends calculated by the scale can be adjusted via an automated system. Quality Control Managers and Plant Managers can also connect all the SPC scale systems in a factory via a central control computer that will provide easy access to â€Å"real-time† data. Integrating an automated SPC Scale System into a manufacturing environment will have the following advantages over the older manual SPC systems: Upgrading outdated manual SPC processes is the first step to improve overall quality, efficiency, and trace ability. This can be accomplished with as little as $5,000 in capital investment. Quality Control Managers and Plant managers have to take a hard look at how their product samples are being weighed and how these measurements are turned into results that can improve production line efficiency. 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Wednesday, January 1, 2020

Can Hunting Help Save Endangered Species

Since there are no clear-cut solutions when it comes to saving endangered species, the concept of conservation is subject to interpretation. Of course, unconventional approaches are often met with criticism, and controversy ensues. Case in point: the use of hunting as a tool for protecting endangered species from extinction. Sounds counterintuitive, right? Lets explore both sides of the argument so that you can decide which side of this divisive management scheme makes sense to you. Shoot to Save? The idea is simple: put a price on a rare species head, and let hunters foot the bill for managing and sustaining the population. In theory, the practice of trophy hunting provides incentives for governments to protect animals from unrestrained poaching and preserve habitat to support the quarry. As with any commodity, rarity seems to increase value. The same can be said for endangered species. On a broad scale, most people appreciate the beauty and fascination of a rare creature, and they feel concern about its impending disappearance from the earth. In the particular case of trophy hunters, the acquisition of a rare animals head (or some such token) is worth a great deal of money. Its a basic principle of business. A diminishing supply augments demand, and suddenly a dwindling species is deemed financially desirable. Empathy for individual animals is not part of the equation, but the risk of extinction may drop with every dollar tagged to a species hide. Arguments in Favor of Hunting According to Dr. Rolf D. Baldus, President of the International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation Tropical Game Commission, Total protection of wildlife and hunting bans often achieve the opposite, as they remove the economic value of wildlife, and something without value is defenselessly doomed to decline and in final consequence to extinction. Dr. Baldus claim is supported by Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah, Namibias Minister of Environment and Tourism who has been instrumental in conserving Namibias wildlife through hunting tourism. Ms. Nandi-Ndaitwah boasts that Namibian wildlife has more than tripled in recent years, as hunting tourism encourages landowners to promote game on their farms and ranches, where many species were once considered a nuisance. Rural communities have also created conservancies through which proactive wildlife management helps support their livelihoods. In turn, game species are returning to areas where they had long been extirpated. The CIC is very concerned about the present effort of a coalition of anti-hunting and animal rights groups to list the African lion under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, reports Sports Afield. All large cats, which have been formally protected for decades are indeed more and more endangered: the tiger, the snow leopard, and the jaguar. In Kenya, the lion has not been legally hunted for over 30 years and during that period, the lion population size has crashed to roughly about 10 percent of the neighboring Tanzanian lion population, which has been hunted all along the same period. Bans clearly not only do not work  but accelerate the extinction of species. Its a complicated argument, admits Giraffe Conservation Foundation founder Dr. Julian Fennessey. There are lots of factors. The loss of habitat and breaking up of populations by man-made constructions are the main factors threatening their numbers. In the countries where you can hunt legally, the populations are increasing but across Africa, the overall numbers are dropping alarmingly. Arguments Against Hunting Scientists who are studying the sustainability of hunting endangered species have proven that trophy hunters attribute a higher value to rare species. Upgrading the IUCN status of various African wildlife species has been linked to an increase in trophy prices, and it has been argued that this demand for rarity could lead to increased exploitation of animals already poised for extinction. In response to a recent scholarly article in Nature suggesting a market approach to saving the whales, Patrick Ramage of the International Fund for Animal Welfare argued that breathing new life and economic value into this [whaling] is a breathtakingly dumb idea. Phil Kline of Greenpeace echoed Ramages concern. It would be safe to assume illegal whaling would flourish if a legal whaling trade was set up. According to Zoe, a website created by Michael Mountain of Best Friends Animal Society, hunting as a conservation strategy is completely at odds with current thinking about who other animals are and how we should treat them. The great danger of a scheme like this is that it actively legitimizes something that is fundamentally wrong rather than stopping it. Leaning on economic evidence rather than pure sentiment, the League Against Cruel Sports cites a 2004 study by the University of Port Elizabeth which estimated that eco-tourism on private game reserves generated more than 15 times the income of livestock or game-rearing or overseas hunting.